<hdr>The World Factbook 1994: Australia<nl>Government</hdr><body>
<list>
<item><hi format=bold>Names:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>conventional long form:</hi> Commonwealth of Australia
<item>• <hi format=ital>conventional short form:</hi> Australia
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Digraph:</hi> AS
<item><hi format=bold>Type:</hi> federal parliamentary state
<item><hi format=bold>Capital:</hi> Canberra
<item><hi format=bold>Administrative divisions:</hi> 6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
<item><hi format=bold>Dependent areas:</hi> Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island
<item><hi format=bold>Independence:</hi> 1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)
<item><hi format=bold>National holiday:</hi> Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
<item><hi format=bold>Constitution:</hi> 9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901
<item><hi format=bold>Legal system:</hi> based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
<item><hi format=bold>Suffrage:</hi> 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
<item><hi format=bold>Executive branch:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>chief of state:</hi> Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General William George HAYDEN (since 16 February 1989)
<item>• <hi format=ital>head of government:</hi> Prime Minister Paul John KEATING (since 20 December 1991); Deputy Prime Minister Brian HOWE (since 4 June 1991)
<item>• <hi format=ital>cabinet:</hi> Cabinet; prime minister selects his cabinet from members of the House and Senate
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Legislative branch:</hi> bicameral Federal Parliament
<item><hi format=bold>Senate:</hi> elections last held 13 March 1993 (next to be held by NA 1996); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(76 total) Liberal-National 36, Labor 30, Australian Democrats 7, Greens 2, independents 1
<item><hi format=bold>House of Representatives:</hi> elections last held 13 March 1993 (next to be held by NA 1996); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(147 total) Labor 80, Liberal-National 65, independent 2
<item><hi format=bold>Judicial branch:</hi> High Court
<item><hi format=bold>Political parties and leaders:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>government:</hi> Australian Labor Party, Paul John KEATING
<item>• <hi format=ital>opposition:</hi> Liberal Party, John HEWSON; National Party, Timothy FISCHER; Australian Democratic Party, Cheryl KERNOT; Green Party, leader NA
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Other political or pressure groups:</hi> Australian Democratic Labor Party (anti-Communist Labor Party splinter group); Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Action (Nuclear Disarmament Party splinter group)
<item><hi format=bold>Flag:</hi> blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant; the remaining half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four, larger, seven-pointed stars